The Bactrian camel is one of the most adaptable creatures on the planet. They can withstand extreme changes in temperature, ideal for their natural home ranges in Northern Asia. Amazingly, they can cope with temperatures that swing between +40°C in the summer and -30°C in the winter.
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Their two humps work in exactly the same way that they do on a single humped, or dromedary camel. The humps are areas for storing fat. They use the fat by turning it into energy so they can go for a long time without food or water.
When the humps on a Bactrian camel are full of fat they stand upright. When their fat reserves are low then the humps become droopy.
You may also notice that during the summer our Bactrian camels look a little, well, untidy. That&#;s because that amazing thick fur coat that they have to keep them warm in the winter is of no use in the summer, so they shed it, or take it off! This happens by itself mostly but you may well see James or Delilah having a good rub up against their house to try and help it along.
Bactrian camels are actually critically endangered. The biggest threat to them is humans destroying their natural habitat for farming and mining. Also, through the introduction of livestock into certain areas so the camels find themselves competing for food.
The governments of Mongolia and and China have agreed to work together in order to stop the decline Bactrian camels.
In March we were surprised by the arrival of Cletus, born to Delilah! A young camel who&#;d joined us 13 months previously, Delilah was actually pregnant when she arrived but her previous zoo weren&#;t aware and because she&#;s still growing anyway we hadn&#;t realised either. So, our keepers were shocked one Spring morning when they arrived to find not two but three camels!
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Cletus, meaning glory/glorious in Greek, was certainly a glorious surprise but because he was a large baby and struggled to stand to feed from mum in the first 12 hours, our keepers had to take the difficult decision to hand rear him with bottles of milk from our goats and move him to our heated giraffe house to ensure his survival. As soon as he was strong enough he was reunited with mum Delilah and step-dad James.
Camels have humps to provide them an emergency energy source and to effectively distribute body heat. Contrary to popular belief, camels' humps do not store water. Instead the humps are made up of concentrated fat that can be used for fuel.
Camels are known for their ability to last extremely long periods of time in hot, arid desert conditions. And it's a popular myth that these humps (either one or two humps, depending on the species) store water for the camel to absorb when there is no water to be found. However camel humps are actually made up of fat, and they serve two purposes: an emergency energy source and better temperature regulation.
Camels are able to metabolize the fat stored in their humps to go long periods of time without food. Each hump can store up to 80 pounds of fat.
Additionally, by concentrating the fat in prominent humps, camels are able to reduce heat insulation on hot days. If the extra fat they stored was evenly distributed around their body, it would cause them to overheat. Moreover, when the temperature drops at night, the extra heat stored in the humps is able to keep them warm.
Camels' ability to go long periods of time without water is thought to be due to the unique, oval shape of their red blood cells. Oval-shaped red blood cells are more elastic and can change shape more easily, which allows blood to flow more easily in thick blood when water is scarce. Their red blood cells are also able to significantly expand during rehydration. This is why a camel can drink up to 30 gallons in 10 minutes!
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