As much as Pat and Frankie love building engines on Engine Power, we receive lots of questions from viewers. Sometimes it&#;s advice for certain projects. Other times it is about what&#;s lurking in Pat&#;s shirt pocket. So we reached out on our social media for your most intriguing questions, and Pat and Frankie are going to answer them! We received hundreds of submissions, so we whittled down to ten. So let&#;s get started!
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Q: &#;Can a solid roller camshaft and valve train work for a street car used for everyday driving?&#;
Frankie: The short answer is &#;yes.&#;
Pat: The long answer is &#;yes&#;, but there&#;s more to it.
Frankie: We actually covered this in season 10 episode 3 of the show with our 496 big block Chevy. We went over the pros and cons of a solid roller street setup, and in our mind, it&#;s mostly pros. There are a few more maintenance items you have to do, like check the lash every now and then, and it&#;s a good idea to raise the idle RPM of the engine since a low idle RPM can potentially kill solid roller lifters.
Pat: Plus, we proved this on the street with our Granada, full street car, big solid roller turns, a lot of RPM. But we drive it around like a grandma car, and we go to the strip and pound on it so we know that it works.
Q: &#;What was the first engine you ever worked on?&#;
Pat: The first engine I ever worked on was, it was a five-horse Briggs and Strat, and when I was about six or seven. That&#;s what really sparked mechanical knowledge and that quest for it.
Frankie: Yeah, mine was a b CAT engine. A big inline six, like an industrial engine you would find like in a truck or something. I took a diesel program in high school and that was the engine that we rebuilt as part of the final.
Pat: And you switched to gas thankfully, uh afterward?
Frankie: Yeah, performance is the name of the business. Heavy stuff&#;s not fun to work with, but still, I&#;ve done lots of that as well.
Q: &#;Can you clarify what ring gaps you would use on different types of engines such as boosted nitrous or Na, and do clearances or torque specs on rod main bearings change for any of that? Also what rules of thumb do you stick to regarding rod and main bearing clearances?&#;
Pat: You want to take the first one?&#;
Frankie: Yeah. So ring manufacturers usually have specifications for what their ring gap should be based on the cylinder pressure and horsepower that you&#;re going to be running. It depends on material, heat, power adders, all kinds of stuff. So the safe bet is to follow the Piston Ring manufacturer&#;s specifications and remember a little bit bigger is always a little bit better
Pat: What about the torque stuff?
Frankie: Yeah, torque specs don&#;t really change. That&#;s based on the fastener itself, the strength, and the clamp load it needs. So those will not change based off of power level.
Pat: Now bearing clearance is something that everyone has questions on. Now you can always look in a manufacturer&#;s recommendation, whoever the bearing manufacturer is, because they&#;ll have stock specs on what that&#;s supposed to be. In performance applications, with most parts, you go a thousand per inch of shaft diameter. So if you have a 2-inch shaft you&#;ll use 2,000ds. But you&#;ll add half to that because the stock parts sometimes move around a little bit more depending on their material. So the better the material, the tighter you can run.
Q: &#;Who actually uses everything in their pocket protector, and who just has it filled?&#;
Frankie: This is a big one.
Pat: I think we get this one a lot now. I use everything in it, and I actually have it on me, and this is what I carry in my pocket&#; in this actual case right here. So what&#;s in it? I have a mechanical pencil, a pen, and a marker. We all know what those are for. Reversible screwdriver. An automatic center punch. A scribe, an extending magnet, and a scale. I&#;ve been a machinist for 35 years, so I carry this with me since probably about . So I use everything in it.
Frankie: I don&#;t keep mine on me because I&#;m not insane. But, I have pretty much the same stuff and we use them all the time it&#;s just handy to have it there because otherwise you have to look for it all the time that&#;s kind of annoying so I like having it right there.
Pat: I have a flashlight too.
Frankie: Yep, I have a flashlight. Leatherman as well. So yeah, love them. Use them all the time.
Q: &#;What are your thoughts on running a solid roller lifter on a hydraulic roller cam?&#;
Pat: Yes that is 100% possible, but because the ramp intensities are different, you have to be a little bit careful. Doing it means you have to tight lash the actual lash on that lobe, plus your spring pressure is involved as well.
Frankie: Yeah, if you run too much lash, like say your solid roller lash is somewhere between 14 and 20, if you run that on a hydraulic roller, the ramp start is different and the roller actually runs into the ramp and does a lot of bad stuff and starts wrecking things. So usually if you tight lash them somewhere in the 5,000ths range it will work and it will run.
Q: Pat, you&#;ve had a long, long, extremely long, really long career. What&#;s something you know now that you wish you knew when you first started your career?&#;
Pat: I guess it would be that a lot of things that I thought I had actual preconceived notions that were not true. So that it&#;s operating off of false data. There&#;s a lot of false data out there, and now with the internet up there, it&#;s even more so. There&#;s lots of good stuff as well, but I didn&#;t know that everything that wasn&#;t written in Granite, right? Everything&#;s like written on an ice cube because it&#;s going to change at some point. So that&#;s the thing that, if I wish I would have known that, I just can&#;t operate off of things that I think are verbatim.
Frankie: It also says here, &#;Frankie how did you become so attractive and good-looking?&#;
Pat: It does not say that!
Frankie: No it doesn&#;t it says:
Q: &#;Frankie, what&#;s the most surprising or unexpected thing about working on the show so far?&#;
Frankie: To be honest it&#;s a lot of fun. I thought it was going to be like, you know really hard work, and I thought TV was going to be really scary, and like there&#;s going to be a lot of lights and cameras and all this kind of stuff. But we have a lot of fun making the show. We have a lot of fun doing the projects that we get to do. So really it&#;s just it&#;s a dream job, and we really really enjoy it.
Q: &#;What are the different colors of plastigage for?&#;
Frankie: That&#;s a good question.
Pat: That&#;s a very good question. Now plastigage is a great tool to use if you don&#;t have a set of micrometers and a dial bore gauge. It&#;s very common to check your rod and main bearing clearances with it, and it comes in three different ranges: there&#;s green, there&#;s red, and there&#;s blue.
Frankie: Green is for ranges from .001ths to .003ths. Red is for ranges from .002ths to .006ths. And blue is for ranges from .004ths to .009ths of an inch. So depending on what you&#;re doing you&#;ll use a different color or the different thickness of plastigage for your application.
Pat: Now if you&#;re using blue on rod main bearings, you might want to check that out because that&#;s a little on the bank side.
Frankie: Or you&#;re working on a top fuel car.
Pat: Or&#; yeah.
Q: &#;How many hours a week does it take to stay on schedule with season production, builds, trips, Driveway Rescues, etc? Also, love the show. You two are both awesome and my favorite automotive show by far! I&#;ve been watching since the original shows were on TNN if that tells you anything.&#;
Frankie: That&#;s a long time, wow.
Pat: That&#;s that your mom who wrote that one.
Frankie: No, I don&#;t think my mom watches our show to be honest.
Pat: Her name&#;s different?
Frankie: Haha, no. Thank you for watching. We really appreciate it for sure, and as far as production goes, it takes quite a bit of time. We work a minimum of 10 hours a day, 5 days a week. Sometimes we work weekends if we need to. But it&#;s a year-round thing.
Pat: It is, and because it 80% of the work is done off-camera. So if you see it built, we&#;re the ones that did the work. We do machining. We do the parts planning. So with schedules, we&#;re just like you. Sometimes we are short on parts. Sometimes things just take longer than they should. But you&#;re never really working when you enjoy what you do. So the hours aren&#;t the big deal. We love to do what we do, so just whatever time it takes, it takes.
Q: &#;Do you plan on doing more with import and Euro engines?&#;
Pat: Excellent question, well, nothing is out of the question for us, right? Because we are engine people. If it burns gasoline, we like it, and we&#;re about horsepower per cubic inch. So, I mean I may or may not think we might have something. Maybe?
Frankie: Maybe. The big deal is if we can run it and we can get it on the dyno, then we can do it. Yeah, like he said we&#;re not biased at all. We like horsepower per cubic inch. We like cylinder pressure no matter how that comes. So yeah, we may or may not be working on a few ideas already. But keep an eye out and maybe you&#;ll see.
Pat: No, you need to stay tuned.
Frankie: Yeah stay tuned for sure.
Q: &#;Do you think having more than one power adder on your engine takes more of a toll on your engine than having one power adder?&#; For example nitrous and supercharger combo.&#;
Frankie: So I think he&#;s asking if you have two different types of power adder, does that have more of a toll on the engine than if you just had one type of power adder?
Pat: If those power adders add up to a lot of power, all the engine knows is cylinder pressure. All the parts know is how much heat, and pressure gets put to them. So whatever is trying to be contained in that cylinder case and in that combustion chamber, in that cylinder, that&#;s all it knows. So if it&#;s one, two, five, or naturally aspirated, doesn&#;t matter. All the engine knows a cylinder pressure
Frankie: Yeah, so it&#;s kind of a &#;yes&#; and a &#;no&#; if you&#;re adding another one and increasing the cylinder pressure. It&#;s going to take more of a toll on the engine if you&#;re reaching the same cylinder pressure with a couple of different kinds of power adders. The engine doesn&#;t necessarily know the difference. It knows the cylinder pressure, the power it&#;s making, and the heat it&#;s producing, and the parts obviously have to be durable enough to actually live through that. So that&#;s something that we take into consideration and all engine builders do when they&#;re picking out the parts for their build
Pat: Yeah, the power kills the part so make sure you have the right parts for the amount of power you want to make
So there you have it! 10 questions. 10 answers. Great success!
The full form of an IC Engine is Internal Combustion Engine. It helps automate mechanical engineering to reduce manual labour engagement and hard work. Belgian inventor Étienne Lenoir is the founder of this engine. He developed the first ic engine named "hippomobile," powered by gas.
Let's have a look at a few fun facts about internal combustion engines before you start your interview preparation:
We have classified IC Engine Interview Questions - (Updated) into three stages, they are:
Top 10 IC Engine Interview Questions And Answers
IC Engine Interview Questions - For Freshers
1.What is an IC engine?
The internal combustion engine turns chemical energy into useable mechanical energy by burning fuel. When the spark ignites the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber, chemical energy is released. The gas created in this reaction rapidly expands on the power stroke, forcing the piston down the cylinder.
Dugald Clerk invented a two-Stroke engine in , with suction, compression, expansion, and exhaust occurring during the 2-stroke of the piston. Every one of the crank shifts will give one stroke. Animation depicts a two-stroke engine in action, complete with a tuned exhaust pipe.
3. What is a four-stroke engine?
A 4-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine in which the piston performs four different strokes&#;intake, compression, power, and exhaust&#;throughout two crankshaft revolutions and one thermodynamic cycle.
It runs on natural and synthetic gas.
4. Tell me the differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines?
Two-stroke engineFour-stroke engineA two-stroke engine fires once every revolutionA four-stroke engine fires once every two wheels.Two-stroke engines are more straightforward and lighter, but they are less adaptable.In four-stroke engines, ports replace valves; in two-stroke engines, the piston acts as a valve to control the flow of Gasoline.Two-stroke engines are often utilized in light-duty applications.In four-stroke engines are employed in heavy-load applications.5. What are the primary steps that we need to follow in a four-stroke engine?
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6. In an IC engine, what are the benefits of lubrication?
7. Can you name the IC engine's familiar layout?
Engine types differ substantially in a variety of ways, and the following are some of the performance indicators:
9. Why are gas turbines less efficient than Internal Combustion Engines?
In gasoline generators, the compressor consumes 70 percent of the output of the gasoline turbine. As a result, the auxiliary intake on IC engines is much lower. In addition, when compared to gas turbines, the combustion temperature of IC engines is substantially higher.
10. What is Timed Cylinder Lubrication, and how does it work?
Lubrication oil must be loaded between piston jewels while the piston is at the backside of the stroke for adequate lubrication. This allows for the proper storage and use of a large quantity of lubricating oil.
11. Why is glycerin used in some engines instead of water for engine cooling?
The boiling point of glycerine is 90°C, enhancing its heat carrying capacity. As a result, the weight of the coolant is lowered, allowing for the use of a smaller radiator.
12. How will you position the Piston Ring?
The top, second, and oil rings are all constant at a 180-degree angle. Place the hoop about 1 inch below the collarbone.
Octane No. - Octane amount is the percentage of iso-octane in a combination of iso-octane and h-heptane expressed in volume. It is the SI engine's score measurement.
Cetane No -The cetane range is defined as the proportion of n-cetane in the aggregate of n-cetane and alpha-methyl naphthalene measured in terms of extent. It is the CI engine's rating scale.
The compression ratio of an internal combustion engine is defined as the ratio of the volume of the cylinder (when the piston is closest to the cylinder head) to the combustion chamber volume (when the piston is farthest out). The higher the ratio, the more the air in the cylinder is compressed. The air in engines is compressed because it produces a tremendous explosion from the air-fuel mixture, resulting in more fuel usage. Automotive engineers use this method to build engines as fuel-efficient as possible.
Do you want to know more about IC Engine Design? Take a Look at this CATIA Tutorial15. In an IC engine, what is the carburetor?
A carburetor is a device that mixes air with fuel to supply a spark ignition system in an internal combustion engine. It's only utilized in engines that can ignite with a spark, like a gasoline engine. Some of the components used in the carburetor are a choke, a liquid fuel storage chamber, the main jet, an accelerator pump, an idling jet, and a venture-shaped airflow restriction.
16. What is the definition of combustion modelling?
Ans: One of the essential tools for better understanding engine performance and emissions in internal combustion engines is combustion modelling.
17. What is the Intention of spark ignition engines?
Ans: It refers to igniting an air-fuel mixture with a spark from a spark plug. This word refers to petrol engines, not diesel engines, which do not require an external spark to start the combustion process.
18. What exactly is a crankshaft?
The Crankshaft is in charge of the engine's proper operation. It converts the linear motion of the piston into a rotating signal. Because crankshafts are subjected to a high level of cyclic loading, they must have a high fatigue strength and wear resistance to function for an extended period.
IC Engine Interview Questions - For Experienced
1. Why do you think the efficiency of gas turbines is lower than that of IC Engines?
The compressor consumes 70% of the gas turbine output in gas turbines. IC engines consume more auxiliary. As a result, the IC engine's combustion temperature is too much higher than the turbine engine.
2. Why we do not use the same technology to start both SI /CI Engines?
The SI (spark ignition) engine runs on petrol, whereas the CI (compression ignition) engine runs on diesel. This is because the compression ratios of both fuels are different.
The compression ratio in a SI engine is 8-12:1. The compression ratio in a CI engine is 16-22:1. So, in a SI engine, the compression ratio is insufficient for Gasoline to burn, necessitating the use of a spark plug, whereas, in a CI engine, the compression ratio is so high that the fuel is combusted due to internal heat, eliminating the need for a spark plug. As a result, the SI engine's technology differs from the CI engine's.
3. What are the restrictions of internal combustion engines?
5. What were the differences between brake power and indicated power of an IC Engine?
The output power generated in the Crankshaft is called break power. When the fule burns, the engine will generate this indicated power.
6. What are the basic need for the ignition system.
7. Explain why we need a cooling system in the engine?
8. How does the knocking work?
9. Explain adequate pressure.
The piston generates a power stroke to produce the expected engine output at the actual cycle time. We can define the total work volume per cycle by measuring the adequate pressure.
10. How can we do the morse test?
If you want to test the indicated power in the multi-cylinder engine, you must do a morse test. First, you need to follow the engine dynamometer at a particular speed for both cylinders, and then you have to note down the BHP fall in each noting. You don't need to use an indicator diagram also.
11. What do you know about pre-ignition?
The pre-ignition occurs in the spark plug due to the mixture of air and fuel. At a high temperature, the carbon layers form inside the engine.
12. What do you mean by combustion thermodynamics?
It is a chemical reaction due to the gas phase, which sometimes creates light, heat, smoke, and flame. It mainly takes place in the fuel cell. You can be control combustion by reducing the engine's high temperature.
A valve timing diagram is a graphical representation of the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves of the engine. The opening and closing of the engine's valves depend upon the piston's movement from TDC to BDC. This relation between piston and valves is controlled by setting a graphical representation between these two, which is known as the valve timing diagram.
The idle stroke constitutes a small gap of a few micrometres between the piezoelectric actuator and the control valve, which must be adjusted during the assembly process. Therefore, the identification approach only relies on analyzing the electric signals of the piezoelectric stack actuator.
15. What is Bumping clearance?
Clearance volume or bumping clearance is the space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head of an air compressor. This clearance is an essential aspect of the compressors and should be as less as practically possible to improve the volumetric efficiency of the compressor.
16. What causes white smoke in two stroke Locomotive Engines?
That is because the engine is running too Lean a mixture (lack of fuel). This condition wilt leads to overheating and failure of the engine.
Flywheel has standard functions like providing continuous power when the energy source is discontinuous and delivering power faster. However, the primary part of the Flywheel is to store rotational energy. Therefore, the amount of energy stored in the Flywheel is directly proportional to the square of its rotational speed.
Top 10 Frequently Asked IC Engine Interview Questions
1. Do you think IC Engine designers have a bright future?
IC engines come with zero-emission. There is so many ic engine latest version. So if we talk about pollution from machines, it has significantly more minor and decreases day by day as new technologies come with the new fuel system. Ic engine designers have a very bright future in this area.
2. What do you think, the IC Engine will be obsolete?
As new models are coming up, there are no chances to become obsolete. Transportation task is going to create more new implementation.
3. What is the minimum requirement for an IC Engine?
Ignition of the mixture is the minimum required for an ic engine.
4. What fuels do you use in the IC Engine?
We can use Gasoline, diesel, marine fuels, and turbine fuels in ice engines.
5. Which fuel is not suitable for the IC Engine?
We can not use methanol in the ic engine as fuel because this fuel has high octane number and a low octane number. This is because the octane number indicated hit is generated due to the energy.
6. Which is the most potent fuel, alcohol or Gasoline, for an IC Engine?
Fuel is the most critical component in an engine. Alcohol is effective in case of a power race. It heats less than Gasoline. So once the initial power is required, alcohol consumption will increase. At the end of the race, it will give more energy as the total engine weight will be less because some percentage of fuel has already burned out.
7. Why is methanol best for race IC Engines?
It is more potent than alcohol and Gasoline. Methanol's combined octane rating is 119, while the regular gasoline octane rating is 87.
8. What are the most common engines based on the IC Engine?
IC Engines run many engines like:
Conclusion
IC engine research work has led to improving the engine's performance, fuel efficiency, development of new advanced combustion engines, and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. So let's learn more about IC Engine to gain sharp growth in our professional career.
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