How long can a 12v battery run with an inverter? This question can be approached by discussing two scenarios: with the inverter connected to the load or without the inverter connected to the load.
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This article will delve into the methods for calculating the duration of battery in the scenario where a load is connected to an inverter, along with the factors that need to be taken into consideration.
To figure out how long can a 12v battery run the inverter , we must specify four factors to provide a complete answer:
Calculating the duration of time that a 12v battery can power an inverter is impossible due to the numerous factors that come into play.
However, in this part, we will explore some of the key factors that influence the average length of time that a 12v battery can sustain an inverter:
4 Key Factors of 12Volt Battery Duration Time
Watts are a measure of power, while volts are a measure of electric potential or voltage.
The battery capacity, which is measured in ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh), is conclusive to figure out the number of watts in a 12-volt battery.
To calculate the power in watts, you need to use the formula P = VI, where P is power in watts, V is voltage in volts, and I is current in amperes. Alternatively, the formula to calculate the number of watts in a battery is:
Watts = Volts x Amps
Where:
Volts is the voltage of the battery (in this case, 12 volts)
Amps is the current output of the battery (measured in amperes or milliamperes)
For example, if you have a 12-volt battery with a capacity of 100 Ah, the number of watts would be:
So, a 12-volt battery with a capacity of 100 Ah has watts of power.
Different types of batteries have different discharge depths and the discharge depth affects the battery life and capacity. Here are some commonly used battery types and their corresponding discharge depths:
Battery Type Depth of Discharge (DoD) Lead-Acid (Flooded) 40%-60% Lead-Acid (AGM) 40%-50% Lead-Acid (Gel) 40%-50% Lithium-Ion 80% - 90% LiFePO4 80% - 100%Please note that the values provided are general ranges and actual specifications may vary between different battery models and manufacturers. Always refer to the manufacturer's documentation for specific Depth of Discharge recommendations for a particular battery.
Solar power systems typically prefer lithium batteries or other deep cycle battery chemistries, as they excel in effectively handling the repetitive discharge and recharge cycles associated with inverter usage.
To calculate how long a 12V battery will last with an inverter, you need to determine the total power consumption of the inverter and the loads connected to the inverter in watts.
The power consumption of the inverter refers to the amount of DC power drawn from the battery to produce a given amount of AC power.
There are two methods to calculate the total power consumption:
1. Estimating with Inverter Rated Power
This method is relatively simple and suitable for rough energy consumption estimation. In practice, the power of the load may vary, but none of the total load power should exceed the rated power of the inverter. Therefore, it can be equated to the load power for calculation without considering the power of the actual connected appliances.
2. Summing Load Power and Inverter No-Load Consumption
Sum up the power of the loads connected to the inverter and the inverter no-load consumption to calculate the total energy consumption. This method is more detailed and accurate. For each load, you can calculate its energy consumption and then add them up to obtain the overall energy consumption.
However, keep in mind that these calculations are an estimate, and the actual battery life will depend on various factors, such as the age and condition of the battery, the temperature, and the inverter's no load consumption.
Inverter efficiency is a critical factor that directly impacts the overall energy consumption and battery duration in a system. Efficiency refers to how effectively the inverter can convert the DC power from the battery into AC power for your devices. It is usually expressed as a percentage.
Efficiency is an important consideration because not all of the DC power drawn from the battery is successfully converted into AC power. Some of the energy is lost as heat due to the internal workings of the inverter. This energy loss can vary based on the quality, design, and technology of the inverter.
For example, most of PowMr's solar inverters stand out with exceptional efficiency, with most of them boasting peak rates of over 95%. This ensures optimal energy conversion, minimal waste, and prolonged battery life, making them an ideal choice for energy-conscious users.
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Factoring efficiency in power calculations gives a more accurate estimate of energy consumption from the battery, crucial for extending battery life and optimizing energy use.
Having obtained all the necessary values mentioned above:
Next, we will initiate the computation process.
The running time of a battery connected to an inverter is based on the power capacity of the battery and the overall power consumption of the inverter. The two formulas below will give you an estimate of how long the battery will last before it needs to be recharged or replaced.
Formulas
Available battery capacity for inverter
= Battery Capacity x Battery Voltage x DOD% x Inverter Efficiency
Battery Running Time
= Available Battery Capacity for Inverter / Sum of the loads power + Inverter No-load Consumption
or
= Available Battery Capacity for Inverter / Inverter Rated Power
To ensure accurate calculations and extend battery lifespan, we will take into account the inverter efficiency and battery discharge depth to estimate battery runtime.
Divide the available battery capacity for Inverter by the ovelall power consumed by the inverter to get an estimate of the 12v battery life.
Note:As mentioned earlier, you have the option to either utilize the rated power of the inverter as the total power consumption or aggregate the power of the loads connected to the inverter to calculate the overall energy consumption.
Assuming equivalence between the connected load power and the inverter's rated power, we can determine the minimum operating time of the battery. This will allow us to calculate the minimum operating time of the battery, enabling a better assessment of the reliability and performance of the battery system.
This, in turn, provides greater predictability and planning for operations in emergency situations. By computing the shortest duration, you can determine the necessary battery capacity to meet the energy storage requirements during periods without solar input, ensuring the system's smooth operation even under unfavorable conditions.
Here, we take a 12v 100Ah battery(DOD of 80%) as example.
Based on the two formulas listed above, we can calculate how long will a 12v battery last with inverters of different wattages and efficiency.
Battery Running Time = 100Ah x 12v x 80% x 94% / W = 0. hours = 19.048 mins
So, battery running time for a 12V battery with a W inverter (94% efficiency) is about 18mins.
Battery Running Time = 100Ah x 12v x 80% x 95% / W = 0. hours = 10.944 mins
With a W inverter (95% efficiency), a 12V battery will run for 11 mins.
Battery Running Time = 100Ah x 12v x 80% x 92% / W = 0. hours = 26.496 mins
When powered by a W inverter (92% efficiency), a 12V battery will last 26.496 mins.
Battery Running Time = 100Ah x 12v x 80% x 92% / W = 0. hours = 52.992 mins
With a W inverter (92% efficiency), a 12V battery's runtime is 52 mins.
Battery Running Time = 100Ah x 12v x 80% x 92% / 200W = 4.416 hours
Employing a 200W inverter (92% efficiency) results in a 12V battery lasting for 4.416 hours.
Battery Running Time = 100Ah x 12v x 80% x 92% / 500W = 1. hours
When connected to a 500W inverter (92% efficiency), a 12V battery will run for 1. hours.
These are the methods for calculating battery life. Again, these calculations are only estimates, and the actual battery runtime may vary depending on a variety of factors (such as the age of the battery, temperature, and usage patterns).
When utility power is normal, the UPS provides power to connected equipment, and charges its internal battery. When the utility power fails or when it is outside specified tolerances for the UPS, the UPS switches to battery mode and provides power through its battery for its connected equipment until the end of battery runtime or when the utility power is back to normal.
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