Aspheric lenses, with their unique and varied anatomical features, present a significant advancement in optical technology. Unlike their spherical counterparts that maintain a constant radius of curvature, aspheric lenses boast a radius that changes according to a specific mathematical equation. This equation, often a conic section or an aspheric polynomial, is pivotal in defining the lens&#;s surface shape, enabling it to correct aberrations more precisely than a spherical lens.
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The aspheric design allows for the correction of spherical aberration&#;a common issue in spherical lenses where light rays converge at different points, leading to blurred or distorted images. By fine-tuning the surface profile of aspheric lenses, optical designers achieve a level of control over the light path that is impossible with traditional spherical lenses.
These lenses are available in various shapes, including plano-convex, plano-concave, biconvex, biconcave, and meniscus, each tailored for specific optical tasks. For instance, plano-convex aspheric lenses are often employed in applications requiring precise light focusing or collimation. On the other hand, meniscus aspheric lenses are adept at controlling aberrations in more complex optical systems.
With aspheric eyeglass lenses, thin is in.
Advanced optical design technology allows aspheric eyeglass lenses to be made with flatter curves than conventional lenses, giving them a slimmer, more attractive profile.
Conventional lenses have a front surface that is spherical, meaning it has the same curve across its entire surface, much like a baseball.
Aspheric lenses, on the other hand, have a more complex front surface that gradually changes in curvature from the center of the lens out to the edge.
Most aspheric lenses also are high-index lenses. The combination of an aspheric design with high-index lens materials creates a lens that is noticeably slimmer, thinner and lighter than conventional glass or plastic lenses.
Aspheric lenses have a slimmer profile for virtually all prescriptions, but the difference is especially dramatic in lenses that correct high amounts of farsightedness. Lenses that correct farsightedness (convex or "plus" lenses) are thicker in the center and thinner at their edge. The stronger the prescription, the more the center of the lens bulges forward from the frame.
Aspheric plus lenses can be made with much flatter curves, so there is less bulging of the lens from the frame. This gives the eyewear a slimmer, more flattering profile.
It also makes it possible for someone with a strong prescription to wear a larger selection of frames without worry of the lenses being too thick.
Eyeglass lenses that correct myopia (concave or "minus" lenses) have the opposite shape: they are thinnest at the center and thickest at the edge.
Though the slimming effect of an aspheric design is less dramatic in minus lenses, it still provides a noticeable reduction in edge thickness compared with conventional lenses for myopia correction.
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With conventional lens designs, some distortion is created when you look away from the center of the lens &#; whether your gaze is directed to the left or right, above or below.
Aspheric lens designs, on the other hand, reduce or eliminate this distortion, creating a wider field of view and better peripheral vision. This wider zone of clear imaging is why expensive camera lenses have aspheric designs.
Because aspheric lenses have flatter curves than conventional lenses, they fit closer to your face. This is a major benefit for anyone wearing a strong correction.
Conventional spherical lenses with a strong prescription for farsightedness cause unwanted magnification. This makes objects appear larger and closer than they actually are. And because this magnifying effect goes both ways, conventional lenses for farsightedness also give the wearer's eyes an unnaturally magnified, "bug-eyed" look.
Conventional lenses for nearsightedness do just the opposite: They make things look smaller and give the wearer's eyes a small, "beady-eyed" appearance.
Aspheric lenses greatly reduce these undesired magnification and minification effects, so the world looks more natural to the wearer, and the wearer's eyes look more natural to everyone else.
Aspheric designs are available in single vision lenses for the correction of nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism, and in progressive lenses, bifocals and trifocals for presbyopia. Although most aspheric lenses are made from high-index materials, they are available in regular plastic, too.
Other enhancements &#; including photochromic lens technology &#; are available in aspheric lenses as well.
For several reasons, frame selection is important with aspheric lenses. In general, the best-looking eyewear results when the frame is not overly large and when the eyes are centered in the middle of the frame opening. Your eye doctor or optician will help you select the best type of frame to complement your new aspheric lenses.
Taking measurements for aspheric lenses requires greater care and skill on the part of the optician, but this requires only an extra minute or two.
Creating the complicated curves used in aspheric lenses makes these advanced lenses a bit more expensive than conventional lenses. But the outstanding cosmetic and visual benefits of these thinner, lighter lenses make them a good investment.
Since aspheric lenses are flatter and positioned slightly closer to the face than conventional lenses, some wearers may notice more reflections off the front and back surfaces of the lenses. For this reason, anti-reflective coating is highly recommended for all aspheric lenses.
Original version of this article was by Joseph L. Bruneni, FNA.