Big screens are cheaper than ever, but there's much more to consider than the size and price. You can buy anything from low-cost simple monitors for the average user all the way up to high-end models aimed at designers and hardcore gamers, with price tags to match.
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Learn moreThere are a couple of terms you need to understand before we get into the different types of monitors.
Resolution: The number of pixels (picture elements) that are used to draw your screen image, just like a TV. Most monitors are high-definition (HD), 2K or 4K UHD.
Refresh rate: Measured in hertz (Hz), this is the number of times the image refreshes per second. Higher refresh rates deliver an overall smoother picture which can improve clarity and reduce flickering, particularly with fast-paced content like online gaming.
Response rate: Commonly called 'input lag', this generally refers to the time it takes between interacting with the keyboard/mouse and seeing the action onscreen. Slow response times can create blurry images or show ghosting, but the average eye is unlikely to notice the difference between one and five milliseconds.
Aspect ratio: Almost all monitors come in the same 16:9 configuration as TVs these days but you can find some ultra-wide 21:9 screens which add extra horizontal space.
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Read gaming monitors reviewComputer monitors fall into three broad categories. Each uses LCD, LED or OLED panel technology.
Consumer-grade monitors that range from roughly 24–30 inches and are designed for day-to-day use. They strike a balance between good performance, image quality and size without the expensive bells and whistles you'll find on specialised models. For example, web browsing, word processing and basic photo editing don't require a high refresh rate and low input lag.
These monitors increase the refresh rate while reducing the input lag as much as possible to deliver a smooth, responsive experience when gaming. While consumer monitor refresh rates tend to tap out at around 60Hz, gaming monitors typically offer 120Hz or more. They're available in a range of resolutions with many giving you the option to play at a higher resolution with reduced refresh rate, or vice versa. A few high-end models support 4K 120Hz but these can be expensive.
These monitors can get quite large. It's not uncommon to find 42-inch screens similar in size to a small TV, with 16:9 and 21:9 options available. They also come with extra gaming-oriented features such as compatibility with specific graphics cards to improve performance and picture modes optimised for different game types.
The absolute cream of the crop when it comes to picture quality, these models are aimed at enthusiast and professional photographers, videographers and graphic artists. These applications rarely require high refresh rates and low response times so these features are typically secondary to high detail and accurate colour reproduction for design monitors. These are also available in 16:9 and 21:9 configurations.
Like TVs, there are a few different technologies that power a computer monitor's panel. You'll find the type in the product specifications.
Twisted nematic (TN): This can deliver fast response and refresh rates but less accurate colours.
Vertical alignment (VA): Slightly slower response rate compared to TN, but the difference is negligible unless you're a very serious gamer. Colour reproduction is better than TN. This is a good middle ground for consumer-grade monitors.
In-plane switching (IPS): The best option for accurate colour reproduction including contrast and blacks. IPS used to have slow response rates which made these monitors unsuitable for gaming but the technology has since improved with some claiming to have input lag as low as 1–2 milliseconds.
Gaming monitors can be expensive but they're optimised for interactive entertainment.
OLED: A type of LED screen which has been popular among TV manufacturers for a few years thanks to its rich colours, true blacks and contrast that can make the picture really pop. They're a great option if you plan to watch a lot of movies, and shows (as well as play games) on your monitor, but they're usually the most expensive option.
This depends on how you plan to use the monitor each day. Note that screen size is measured diagonally, in inches.
A high-definition, 60Hz VA or TN screen with a maximum response time of 5–10ms will suit general tasks like web browsing, checking emails, YouTube streaming and basic photo editing. An IPS monitor may be worth the extra cost if you like looking at photos on your computer. Aim for a screen size of 25 inches or more unless you're pressed for desk space.
The same specifications as a general use monitor will do but consider a slightly larger model around the 30-inch mark or more. This will give you the versatility to display multiple documents and browsers onscreen at the same time. It's also worth paying a bit more for a higher quality panel as you'll be looking at it for about eight hours a day.
If your monitor doubles as a home entertainment device for movies, TV shows and YouTube, then you'll want good colour, high resolution and a big screen. A 16:9, IPS or OLED with 2K or 4K UHD resolution and HDR support is the way to go. 60Hz will suit the vast majority of entertainment on streaming services and physical media, but a small amount of content can benefit from 120Hz.
These monitors go all the way up to 42 inches in size and you don't want to buy one smaller than 30 inches unless you have limited room at home. Then it's a matter of deciding whether you prefer to game with more detail (higher resolution) or a smoother picture (high refresh rate). The ideal option is a 4K UHD monitor with 120Hz support as these give you the freedom to adjust resolution on the fly to improve performance.
An ultra-wide 21:9 monitor may be worth considering depending on the kind of games you play – for example, first-person shooters will benefit from the extended peripheral vision while adventure games can look expansive and grand with the additional screen space.
Just remember to check your software and hardware specs before you buy. Though there are plenty of 5K and 144–240Hz monitors out there, software support is limited and you'll need a powerful PC to output those resolutions and refresh rates.
If you're a serious enthusiast that's really into home photography, videography or you even run a bit of a side hustle in these fields, then a 30-inch plus, 4K UHD, IPS, 60Hz+ monitor is ideal.
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Read laptops and tablets reviewSome TV manufacturers have brought back small, 42-inch TVs to compete in the gaming monitors space. Both are good options but you have to consider your needs before buying.
Pros: Multi-purpose (gaming, web browsing, word processing), most can sync with graphics cards for improved performance, designed to be viewed close up and from a distance.
Cons: Require an external device such as a games console, PC or media streamer, no broadcast TV, may not have built-in speakers, can require some set-up and fiddling to suit your requirements, limited HDR support (Dolby Vision monitors aren't common).
Pros: Can install software on the TV (e.g. streaming services), access to broadcast TV, broad HDR support, generally plug and play, built-in speakers.
Cons: Mostly entertainment focused, computer required for day-to-day tasks, web browsers generally don't operate well, not really suited for viewing close-up like a monitor, may not support graphics card sync.
CHOICE tip: How big is too big? Ideally you want the picture to immerse you just on the edge of your peripherals. If you need to constantly move your eyes around or turn your head, the screen is too big for your desk.
You may get more use out of a small TV instead of a large gaming monitor.
The last thing you need to do before laying down your hard-earned cash is to check the image quality. These steps will help you separate the quality monitors from the shoddy screens.
Monitors use a small amount of energy, but that's a relatively recent phenomenon. This is because they're part of the minimum energy performance standards (MEPS), and have been for close to a decade.
While currently the average energy use is just under 100kWh per year for the average monitor size of 19 inches, before the introduction of MEPS our testing showed the average energy use was five times this amount for a smaller average-sized monitor. In dollars, these days you're looking at a much smaller standby cost for using your monitor.
Read more: How we test large gaming monitors
If your monitor has refreshed its last rate or, god forbid, you still have an old CRT kicking around, you can easily recycle it for free. Alternatively, newer models in good working order can be donated.
Some charities will take computer monitors in good condition though they may not want yours if it doesn't support HDMI. When it comes to the major ones, Salvos will accept them, Vinnies might depending on the store, and The Red Cross won't.
You can also try contacting smaller local charities or community organisations in your area. There are plenty of nonprofit organisations that accept old or broken computers and accessories which they then refurbish and donate to people in need.
Computer monitors are covered by the National Television and Computer Recycling Scheme (NTCRS). This is a government-run, industry-funded program that recycles a bunch of e-waste items, including old TVs. It has a number of dedicated drop-off points including spaces shared with local businesses, like Officeworks.
To find your nearest location, head to TechCollect or Recycling Near You and enter your address. Just remember to call the location before heading down there as some smaller locations may not have the space to store old TVs so it's best to confirm ahead of time.
Otherwise, most local councils will take monitors during e-waste drop-off events at no charge. These are a little different to your regular council clean-up as you'll need to take your tech to a collection facility rather than putting it out on the kerb. For example, the NSW Inner West council (where CHOICE is located) accepts computer hardware and accessories. Check your local council website or give them a call to find out if TVs can be dropped off in your area.
You can also consider using The Good Guys' and JB Hi-Fi's recycling service, which operates through Ecoactiv. The staff will accept almost any item with a power cable that you can think of. They'll come and collect it for free and they've also committed to donating five meals to people in need for every item recycled. Just head to the Ecoactiv website, submit the items you want to recycle and someone will get in touch.
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Read large computer monitors reviewStock images: Getty, unless otherwise stated.
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Visit CHOICE CommunityGood Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) are, in most cases, interchangeable. GMP meaning the basic regulation promulgated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to ensure that manufacturers are taking proactive steps to guarantee their products are safe and effective. cGMP, on the other hand, was implemented by the FDA to ensure continuous improvement in the approach of manufacturers to product quality. It implies a constant commitment to the highest available quality standards through the use of up-to-date systems and technologies.
It is paramount to the manufacturing industry to regulate GMP in the workplace to ensure consistent quality and safety of products. Focusing on the following 5 P’s of GMP helps comply with strict standards throughout the entire production process.
Create Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Enforce / Implement SOPs and work instructions
Document procedures and processes
Validate the effectiveness of SOPs
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Design and use working systems
Maintain systems, facilities, and equipment
Develop job competence of workers
Prevent contamination through cleanliness
Prioritize quality and integrate into workflow
Conduct GMP audits regularly
Further information can be found at this PDF Guide to GMP: Good Manufacturing Practices.
GMP regulations are mandated by manufacturers’ respective national governments to regulate the production, verification, and validation of manufactured products and ensure that they are effective and safe for market distribution.
For example, in the United States, GMP is enforced by the US FDA through Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) which cover a broader range of industries such as cosmetics, food, medical devices, and prescription drugs. The FDA conducts facility inspections to assess if a manufacturing company complies with CGMP regulations. If any serious violations are found during the inspection, FDA recalls all products, which is problematic for manufacturers in terms of both profit and business operations.
The quality of manufactured products is highly regulated as it can pose negative health risks to consumers and even the environment. Poor hygiene, temperature-control, cross-contamination, and adulteration in any step of the manufacturing process are some examples of how a manufactured product that doesn’t follow GMP regulations can bring fatal consequences to consumers. See GMP regulation and preamble sources by country here.
GMP standards are developed to enhance the safety of manufactured products, especially pharmaceutical goods, and to ensure consumers get the highest quality possible. Adherence to GMP standards not only positively impacts the reputation of manufacturing companies but also reduces batch recalls and negative reports from consumers. Below are 4 measures you can follow to uphold GMP standards:
Create Your Own GMP Audit Checklist
Eliminate manual tasks and streamline your operations.
Get started for FREEGMP guidelines are a set of principles that help manufacturers implement an effective manufacturing process and ensure that quality is built into the organization and the processes involved. GMP guidelines are customarily flexible, with countries having their own legislation to comply with local GMP guidelines and principles. But almost all regulations are derived from the basic concept and guidelines which are:
The principle of quality management is to ensure that manufactured products are fit for their intended use, comply with requirements and does not place consumers at risk due to inadequate safety, quality, or efficacy measures. To achieve this quality objective, quality assurance, good manufacturing practices, quality control, and quality risk management should be comprehensively and correctly implemented.
Quality assurance
The system of quality assurance aims to ensure that manufactured products are designed and developed in a way that meets the requirements for Good Manufacturing Practice.
Good Manufacturing Practice for Products
As a part of quality assurance, good manufacturing practice is concerned with production and quality control. It aims to mitigate the risks that are inherent in the production process. Its basic requirements according to WHO’s Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals state the following:
Quality control
Quality control is a part of Good Manufacturing Practice that focuses on sampling, specification, and testing. It checks the organization, documentation, and release procedures to ensure that products go through the required tests before being released for sale or supply.
Quality risk management
Quality risk management is a systematic process of assessing risks that can affect the quality of the product. According to its principles, quality risk management should ensure that:
Sanitation and hygiene are vital in every aspect of the manufacturing process. It covers anything that can cause contamination such as personnel, the premises, equipment, containers, and production materials. All potential sources of contamination should be identified and eliminated with a comprehensive sanitation and hygiene program.
As a principle, the premises should be situated in an environment that is suitable for its operations and one that is free from risks of contamination of materials and products. The premises should also be designed to minimize errors in operations and should be easy to clean and maintain.
Same with the premises, equipment should be designed, located, and maintained to function according to its intended use. Additionally, it should be cleaned and stored according to procedures. In the event of a defect or malfunction, it should be removed or labeled as defective.
All materials used for production should be stored properly according to the appropriate conditions which are set by the manufacturers. There should be a proper stock management system implemented to ensure that all incoming materials are correct and of high quality.
The success of GMP compliance heavily relies on the people implementing it. For this reason, it is vital that all personnel are qualified and trained to do the job. They should be aware of the principles of GMP and receive continued training, hygiene instructions, and other tools relevant to their needs. Respective managers should be clear on job descriptions for each worker to avoid misunderstandings and reduce the risk of issues like overlapping responsibilities.
Qualify systems, premises, and equipment if they are fit/ready for their intended use and validate if processes and procedures can repeatedly produce high-quality products. Critical steps in the manufacturing process should be verified to ensure that product quality is consistent and maintained at a high level. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), qualification and validation should establish and provide documentation stating that:
Handling complaints is also part of GMP, therefore all manufacturing companies should have a well-designed GMP complaint system. Ideal complaint handling should have a ready solution to provide for all contingencies.
Good documentation and record keeping are an essential part of the quality assurance system and are required in compliance with GMP requirements. Accurate recordkeeping can help managers and supervisors keep track of the historical record of manufacturing procedures and corrective measures implemented. Below are general requirements for documentation:
Inspections should be regularly performed to monitor if GMP is implemented and complied with. Document what areas need more work and provide corrective measures for continuous improvement. Quality audits are done to assess the quality systems implemented by the manufacturing company. GMP audit checklists can help companies comply with GMP guidelines set by regulatory authorities. By performing site visual walkthroughs and conducting manufacturing evaluations, you can identify non-compliant processes and take immediate action to address areas for improvement.
GMP guidelines and regulations address different issues that can influence the safety and quality of a product. Meeting GMP or cGMP standards helps the organization comply with legislative orders, increase the quality of their products, improve customer satisfaction, increase sales, and earn a profitable return of investment.
Conducting GMP audits play a big part in assessing the compliance of the organization to manufacturing protocols and guidelines. Performing regular checks can minimize the risk of adulteration and misbrand. A GMP audit helps improve the overall performance of different systems including the following:
Improve your GRC management
Simplify risk management and compliance with our centralized platform, designed to integrate and automate processes for optimal governance.
Explore nowGood Manufacturing Processes, or GMP, make sure that products are controlled in quantity and produced in such a way that meets quality standards. GMP involves many factors such as hygiene, environmental conditions, and more. Through this process, any flaws or anomalies can already be identified earlier on which wouldn’t be detected when the final product is tested or already out in the market. By making sure that your products go through GMP, you’ll have high-quality end products that are safe for use or consumption which, in turn, will give better customer satisfaction and yield higher revenue.
We’ve curated a list of GMP training courses that will guide your employees in following GMP standards so they can be proactive in minimizing risks in all aspects of manufacturing products such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical goods. These courses cover topics such as good manufacturing practices, quality control, risk management, and many more.
GMP compliance is crucial in the manufacturing industry. Providing quality-assured products can secure the health and safety of the public. Robust processes and easy-to-use systems that enforce and monitor standards can strengthen GMP compliance in your organization. With technological advances in the industry, food manufacturers have more opportunities to transform reactive company culture, into a proactive, predictive workforce equipped for continuous improvement. Utilize digital tools such as SafetyCulture (formerly iAuditor), a mobile inspection app and GMP software, and sensors to move your GMP beyond compliance. With SafetyCulture you can:
Improve your EHS Management
Cultivate a safe working environment and streamline compliance with our EHS solutions.
Explore nowSee how a trusted food delivery business in Australia, Marley Spoon, immediately takes action based on real-time data using SafetyCulture temperature sensors:
SafetyCulture gives you the flexibility to power any inspection you require—onsite, underground, and across the globe. Inspect construction sites, restaurant food safety inspections, conduct temperature checks, pre-flight checks, toolbox talks, and more. It is the mobile forms inspection solution for all industries.
SafetyCulture has helped businesses around the world achieve
90%
reduction in late start-ups in production plant*
49%
savings from safety & compliance improvements*
60%
reduction in reporting time*
*Reported in Forrester’s study: The Total Economic Impact™ of SafetyCulture’s Operations Platform
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