This section provides an overview for fixed resistors as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 25 fixed resistor manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked fixed resistor companies as of September, : 1.Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.,, 2.Mini-Systems, 3.Teikoku Tsushin Kogyo Co., Ltd..
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A fixed resistor is one of the basic electronic components that prevents electricity from flowing.
It regulates the amount of current flowing in a circuit, divides (voltage divider) the voltage, and sets the time constant required for circuit operation. Fixed resistors are basic elements that play a variety of roles in a circuit.
A fixed resistor is a resistor whose resistance value cannot be changed, while variable resistor can be freely changed and semi-fixed resistors whose resistance value can be adjusted.
The basic use of fixed resistors is to control the current flowing in a circuit. If there were no resistors in a circuit and all components were directly connected, unlimited current would flow through the circuit, and as a result, circuit components would burnout due to the flowing current.
In avoiding such a situation, resistors play a role in regulating the appropriate current in the circuit. In addition, fixed resistors can be combined to form various other circuits, such as a voltage divider circuit to obtain a desired voltage.
The unit of resistance value to express the magnitude of resistance is expressed in ohms (Ω). This resistance is defined as 1Ω when the current flowing when a voltage of 1V is applied is 1A. Materials are classified into conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Conductors are materials that conduct current well, such as iron, which has a very low resistance component; insulators are materials that conduct little current, such as plastics; and semiconductors are materials in between these three.
Resistors are materials with relatively high resistance values among conductors, such as carbon film resistors using carbon as a resistive element and metal film resistors using thin metal. Fixed Resistor has a fixed resistance value, but in circuit design, a variety of resistance values are required. On the other hand, considering productivity, it is necessary to consolidate them into several types.
Therefore, JIS and ISO have set a numerical value to consolidate and standardize resistance values. This is called the E series, and there are several types, the most representative of which are the E6 series, E12 series, E24 series, and E48 series.
The E6 series is specified based on six different values: 1.0, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3, 4.7, and 6.8. The E12 series/E24 series/E48 series specify resistance values in detail using 12, 24, or 48 different values. The E12 series, E24 series, and E48 series use 12, 24, or 48 different values to define resistance values in detail.
Fixed Resistors can be roughly classified by shape and material.
Fixed Resistors can be classified by shape into two types: leaded type and surface mount (chip) type.
Lead Type
This type of resistor has a lead wire (metal wire). They are designed to be inserted into a hole in a board and soldered, and were once the main type of resistors.
Surface Mount Type
This type of resistor is mounted directly on the board surface. Most of the resistors currently used in circuit boards of electronic devices are of this type, and nearly 90% of them are chip resistors in the shape of a small rectangular plate. In addition, cylindrical resistors called MELF type are also used, although only a few of them are used.
Resistors can be classified into three main types according to their materials: carbon, metal, and metal-glaze.
For more information, please visit all industial resistor manufacturer.
Carbon Type
Resistors can be further classified into carbon film resistors (carbon resistors) and solid resistors. Carbon film resistors are the most commonly used low-power resistors because they are very inexpensive and can be used in a variety of cases. In most cases, the term "resistor" refers to carbon film resistors, which have an error margin of ±5%. Therefore, they are not suitable for applications that require high precision.
Metallic Type
Resistors are further divided into metal film resistors and metal oxide film resistors. Metal film resistors are resistors that use metallic materials such as nickel-chromium alloys for the film portion. Compared to carbon film resistors, metal film resistors are characterized by higher resistance accuracy and better temperature characteristics, but are more expensive.
Similarly, metal oxide film resistors use metal oxide, such as tin oxide, for the film portion. They are used for medium-power applications because of their high heat resistance.
Metal Glaze
Metal oxide or metal and glass are mixed and sintered at high temperature on an alumina substrate or similar material. It is extremely resistant to corrosion and has outstanding stability, with almost no degradation over time.
Lead type resistors are generally marked with four or five colors to indicate their resistance and tolerance. The colors correspond to numbers, e.g., 1 for brown, 2 for red, 3 for orange, and so on. T
In the Case of 4-Color Lines
The first number, second number, multiplier, and tolerance are in order from the first to the fourth line. For example, if the wire is "red-black-red-gold," according to the color code, red is 2, black is 0, red indicating the multiplier is 10 squared, and gold represents the error ±5%. Thus, 2.0 kΩ ±5%.
In the Case of 5-Color Wire
The first number, second number, third number, multiplier, and tolerance are in order from the first to the fifth wire. If the color of the wire is "brown-green-black-black-brown," according to the color code, brown is 1, green is 5, black is 0, black indicating the multiplier is 10 to the 0th power, so x1, and brown indicating the tolerance is ±1% error. Thus, 150Ω ±1%.
One of the wire wound precision shunt values we tested was a high precision value of ten milliOhms, a 10 watt part (PLV10AL 0.01 Ω ±1%) that developed over 30 amperes under full load. Because of its aluminum oxide rectangular case and special low TCR element, the resistance change under load was less than ±0.1% and there was virtually no measurable EMF, now that is a breakthrough! We certainly were impressed with the results and we are very confident that our premium wire wound components will outperform the competition and far exceed your expectations.
The quality to resist permanent change must be designed into the resistor, sensor, or shunt right from the start. It is very difficult to stabilize or condition a general-purpose resistor, sensor, or shunt and be confident that it will meet a critical application. All of our components will adhere to published precision stability specifications... even if you specify 1% resistance tolerances. This is accomplished through the implementation of custom design elements, utilizing processes such as artificially aging components when deemed necessary among a handful of other techniques drawing from 75+ years of experience in the design & commercial manufacturing of custom precision wire wound resistors, wire wound sensors and wire wound shunts.
These should all be considered as "one spec" when you require very accurate precision wire wound passive electrical components, the TCR characteristics and ambient operating temperature span are both vital factors that must always be considered as part of the equation to ensure compliance to the specific precision specifications your application calls for.
* Important Note:TCRs specified by PRC are calculated between the temp. range of +25 through +100° C.
Please check with us for expected TCRs outside of this range prior to placing an order.
Is expressed as a plus or minus percentage of the nominal ohmic value. The ohm is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm who 1st discovered & documented its properties. The ohm is denoted by the symbol (Ω). All PRC's wire wound precision resistors are calibrated and tested within precision specified limits at +25 Degrees Celsius, unless it has otherwise been noted.
Since heat and cold are directly related to the TCR characteristics and the resistance tolerance in precision wire wound electrical components specifically, please be sure to specify the surrounding operational conditions that will be present during the use of all wire wound type precision resistors as well as any and all other high precision wire wound passive electrical components you might be utilizing in a precision application design.
Full power ratings for all our wire wound resistor types are based upon standard (1%) resistance tolerances - at 25 degrees C. or to 125 degrees C., regardless of the resistor category selected. Derating is required for higher temperatures and closer tolerances, please refer to derating curves for each type of specific wire wound resistor. Sometimes a physically larger part or closer (to zero) TCR Characteristic will help, however heat is heat and must be carried off in some manner. Wire wound resistors are ideal for higher heat dissipation applications so if it is ultra precise resistance tolerances that your application calls for then precision resistor company is exactly the right choice to manufacture your precision wire wound passive electrical component.
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