The IP rating denotes the level of protection an electrical device has against the ingress of foreign objects and moisture. This article explores the various IP codes, their distinctions, and considerations to bear in mind when selecting a power supply.
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Environmental factors such as dust or moisture can hinder the proper functioning of electrical components within a power supply. Additionally, safeguarding the interior of the power supply against intrusion by foreign objects, such as tools, screws, wires, and accidental user contact, is crucial. Particularly when power supplies are installed outdoors, attention to the International Protection (IP) code is vital for safe usage and to mitigate costly downtime.
IP codes typically consist of the abbreviation IP (International Protection or Ingress Protection) followed by two digits (e.g., IP20, IP54, IP67, etc.).
The first digit denotes protection against accidental contact and the ingress of foreign objects, such as sand and dust, into the device. The second digit indicates protection against water and moisture.
For industrial power supplies, the relevant standard for determining the IP rating is DIN EN . ISO : is also commonly used for road vehicles, specifically for electrical components needing additional protection against pressure washing, such as with a steam cleaner.
In the context of power supplies, IP codes are sometimes conflated with protection classes. While IP codes pertain to the intrusion of foreign objects and water, as well as accidental contact, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) protection (or appliance) classes determine the structure and insulation of power supplies to shield users from electric shocks.
The following table provides an overview of the significance of the numbers within different IP ratings:
Foreign objects
0
No protection
1
Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter &#; 50 mm (e.g. a hand)
2
Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter &#; 12 mm (e.g. a finger)
3
Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter &#; 2.5 mm (e.g. a tool)
4
Protected against solid foreign objects with a diameter &#; 1 mm (e.g. wires)
5
Complete protection against contact and dust
6
Complete protection against contact and fully dust-tight
Water
0
No protection
1
Protected against vertically dripping water
2
Protected against vertically dripping water when the enclosure is tilted (up to 15°)
3
Protected against water falling as a spray at an angle up to 60° from the vertical on both sides
4
Protected against water splashing from any direction
5
Protected against water jets from any direction
6
Protected against powerful water jets from any direction
7
Protected against temporary immersion
8
Protected against continuous immersion
9
Protected against high-pressure, high-temperature water jets
The required IP rating varies depending on the installation site and prevailing environmental conditions. Typically, manufacturers of power supplies stocked for immediate delivery offer products with specific IP ratings that have become industry standards. The following table provides an overview of the prevalent IP ratings for industrial power supplies.
For unique requirements necessitating different combinations of protection against contact and moisture, customized power supplies tailored to customer specifications often present the optimal solution.
Electrical devices are frequently assessed concerning only one of the two codes for protection against foreign objects and water.
The &#;X&#; denotes that the product has not undergone the relevant tests for that specific code. Thus, it&#;s not a variable that can be substituted with any value from the IP ratings table.
A power supply labeled IP6X assures complete protection against contact and is dust-tight but hasn&#;t undergone testing for water intrusion. Similarly, a power supply bearing the IPX4 code has been evaluated for water splashing but not for the infiltration of foreign objects.
In essence, the IP rating delineates the level of protection a device offers against inadvertent contact, foreign objects, and liquids. Typically comprising two digits, the first digit signifies defense against accidental contact and foreign objects, while the second denotes resistance to water and moisture. Higher numbers correspond to superior protection levels. Industrial power supplies housed within cabinets typically bear an IP20 rating, whereas those positioned outside protective environments necessitate higher ratings, such as IP54 or IP67.
There are many types of LED lighting products on the market. Most of them require an LED power supply, also known as an LED transformer or driver. You need to understand the various LED products with the type of power supply they require.
You also need to know their mounting restrictions to ensure that your lights and their transformers are compatible.
Remember, using an LED power supply incorrectly can damage your LED lights.
In this article, we&#;ll guide you through how to choose the right power supply for your lighting project and how to install it. If you are having problems with your LED power supply, this tutorial can help you understand standard troubleshooting.
Why do you need an LED power supply?
Because most of our LED strips work at low voltage 12Vdc or 24Vdc, We can&#;t directly connect the LED strip to the mains 110Vac or 220Vac, which will damage the LED strip. Therefore, we need an LED power supply, also called an LED transformer, to convert the commercial power into the corresponding voltage required by the LED strip, 12Vdc or 24Vdc.
Factors you need to consider
Finding the correct LED power supply for LED strips is not an easy task. There are many factors to consider when picking the most suitable LED power supply, and you need to know some basic LED power supply knowledge.
Constant voltage or constant current LED power supply?
What is a constant voltage LED power supply?
Constant voltage LED drivers typically have a fixed voltage rating of 5 V, 12 V, 24 V, or some other voltage rating with a range of current or maximum current.
All our LED strips must be used with a constant voltage power supply.
What is a constant current LED power supply?
Constant current LED drivers will have similar ratings but be given a fixed amp (A) or milliamp (mA) value with a range of voltages or maximum voltage.
Constant current power supplies generally cannot be used with LED strips. Because the current of the constant current power supply is fixed, the current will change after the LED strip is cut or connected.
Wattage
You need to find out how many watts the LED light will consume. If you wish to run more than one light with one power supply, you must add the wattages to find the total wattage used. Ensure you have a big enough power supply by giving yourself a 20% buffer of the total wattage calculated from the LEDs. This can quickly be done by multiplying the total wattage by 1.2 and then finding a power supply rated for that wattage.
For example, if you have two rolls of LED strips, each roll is 5 meters, and the power is 14.4W/m, then the total power is 14.4*5*2=144W.
Then the minimum wattage of the power supply you need is 144*1.2=172.8W.
Voltage
You need to ensure that your LED power supply&#;s input and output voltage are correct.
Input voltage
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The input voltage is related to which country the power supply is used.
The mains voltage is different in each country and region.
For example, 220Vac(50HZ) in China and 120Vac(50HZ) in the United States.
More information, please read the Mains electricity by country.
But some LED power supplies are full voltage range input, which means this power supply can be used in any country worldwide.
Output voltage
The output voltage needs to be the same as your LED strip voltage.
If the output voltage exceeds the LED strip power supply, it will damage the LED strip and may cause a fire.
Dimmable
All of our LED strips are PWM dimmable, and if you need to adjust their brightness, you must ensure your power supply has the dimming capability. The data sheet for the power supply will state whether it can be dimmed and what type of dimming control is used.
Common dimming methods are as follows:
1. 0/1-10V Dimming
2. TRIAC Dimming
3. DALI Dimming
4. DMX512 Dimming
More information, please read the article How to Dim LED Strip Lights.
Temperature and waterproof
An essential factor that cannot be ignored when choosing a power supply is the use area and use environment. The power supply operates most efficiently if used within its temperature parameters. Power supply specifications should include a safe operating temperature range. It&#;s best to work within this range and ensure you don&#;t plug it in where heat can build up and exceed the maximum operating temperature. It&#;s usually a bad idea to plug a power supply in a cubicle that doesn&#;t have a ventilation system. This will allow even the smallest heat source to build up over time, ultimately cooking power. So ensure the area isn&#;t too hot or too cold, and the heat doesn&#;t build up to damaging levels.
Each LED power supply is marked with an IP rating.
An IP rating, or Ingress Protection Rating, is a number assigned to an LED driver to indicate the level of protection it offers against solid foreign objects and liquids. The rating is typically represented by two numbers, the first showing the protection against solid objects and the second against liquids. For example, an IP68 rating means the equipment is completely protected against dust ingress and can be submerged in water up to 1.5 meters for up to 30 minutes.
If you need to use the LED power supply outdoors where it is exposed to rain, please select an LED power supply with an appropriate IP rating.
Efficiency
Another critical characteristic in choosing an LED driver is efficiency. Efficiency, expressed as a percentage, tells you how much input power the driver can use to power the LEDs. Typical efficiencies range from 80-85%, but UL Class 1 drivers that can operate more LEDs are typically more efficient.
Power factor
The power factor rating is the ratio of real power (Watts) used by the load compared to apparent power (Voltage x Current drawn) into the circuit: Power factor = Watts / (Volts x Amps). The power factor value is calculated by dividing real power and apparent value.
The range for power factor is between -1 and 1. The closer to 1 the power factor is, the more efficient the driver is.
Size
When choosing a power supply for your LED project, it&#;s essential to know where it needs to be installed. If you want to put it inside the product you are making, it has to be small enough to fit in the space provided. If it&#;s outside the app, there should be a way to mount it nearby. A wide variety of power supplies are available in different sizes and shapes to suit your needs.
Class I or II LED driver
Class I LED drivers have basic insulation and must include a protective ground connection to reduce the risk of electric shock. Their safety is achieved through the use of basic insulation. It also provides a means of connecting to a protective grounding conductor in the building and connecting these conductive parts to the earth if the basic insulation fails, which would otherwise generate a dangerous voltage.
Class II LED drivers not only rely on basic insulation to prevent electric shock but must also provide additional safety measures, such as double insulation or reinforced insulation. It does not depend on either the protective ground or the installation conditions.
Safety protection function
For safety reasons, LED power supplies should have protection features such as over-current, over-temperature, short-circuit, and open-circuit. These safety measures lead to a faulty power supply shutdown. These protection features are not mandatory. However, if you want to use it safely in case of problems, you should only install power supplies with these protection features.
UL listed certification
LED power supply with UL certification means better safety and better quality.
Also, some projects require the LED power supply to have UL certification.
Top power supply brands
To help you get a reliable LED power supply faster, I have provided the top 5 famous LED brands. More information, please read the Top LED Driver Brand Manufacturer List.
OSRAM Sylvania Inc. is the North American operation of lighting manufacturer OSRAM. &#; The company produces lighting products for industrial, entertainment, medical, and smart building and city applications, as well as products for the automotive aftermarket and original equipment manufacturer markets.
Philips Lighting is now Signify. Founded as Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, we&#;ve led the lighting industry with innovations that serve professional and consumer markets for more than 127 years. In , we spun off from Philips, becoming a separate company, listed on Amsterdam&#;s Euronext Stock Exchange. We were included in the benchmark AEX index in March .
Tridonic is a world-leading supplier of lighting technology, supporting its customers with intelligent hardware and software and offering the highest level of quality, reliability and energy savings. As a global driver of innovation in the field of lighting-based network technology, Tridonic develops scalable, future-oriented solutions that enable new business models for lighting manufacturers, building managers, systems integrators, planners and many other types of customers.
Established in , headquartered in New Taipei City, MEAN WELL is a Standard Power Supply manufacturer and dedicated to developing specialized industrial power supplies solutions for decades.
Marketed worldwide with its own brand &#;MEAN WELL&#;, MEAN WELL power supply has been widely used in all industries and almost everywhere in your life. From home espresso machine, Gogoro electric scooter charging station, to the well-known landmark Taipei 101 skyscraper top lighting and Taoyuan International Airport jet bridge lighting, all of these you will surprisingly find MEWN WELL Power hidden inside, functioning as the heart of the machine, providing stable voltage and current for a long time, and powering up the whole machine and system to operate smoothly.
MEAN WELL Power has been widely used in different industries such as Industrial Automation, LED Lighting/ outdoor signage, Medical, Telecommuting, Transportation and Green Energy applications.
We specialize in designing and manufacturing safe, energy-saving, and delicate electronic lighting components with significant innovations in dimmable lighting. All HEP devices are running through an outstanding quality check process. Multistage test programs in production and final test procedure make sure each item fulfills all functional requirements. Our high quality standards guarantee the greatest possible safety and smallest failure rates.
How to connect LED strip lights to the power supply?
After choosing the right LED strip power supply, we connect the red and black wires of the LED strip to the corresponding terminals or leads of the power supply, respectively. Here we need to pay attention to the positive and negative terminals of the strip. They must correspond to the positive and negative poles of the power supply output. (The symbol + or +V indicates the red wire; the mark &#; or -V or COM indicates the black wire).
Can I connect many LED strips to the same LED power supply?
Yes, you can. But make sure that the wattage of the LED power supply is sufficient, and make sure that the LED strips are connected to the LED power supply in parallel to reduce the voltage drop.
How far can I install an LED tape from its LED power supply?
The further away your LED strip is from the power source, the more noticeable the voltage drop will be. If you&#;re using long cables from the power supply to the LED strips, make sure those cables are made of thick copper and use as large-gauge cables as possible to help minimize voltage loss.
For more information, please read What is LED strip voltage drop.
LED Strip Sample BookTips for installing LED power supply
LED drivers, like most electronics, are susceptible to moisture and temperature. You need to install the LED driver in a dry location with plenty of air and good ventilation to maintain its reliability. Proper mounting is critical for air circulation and heat transfer. This will ensure optimal performance and long life.
Leave your LED power supply some spare wattage
Make sure you do not consume the entire capacity of the power supply. Leave some room to use only 80% of your driver&#;s maximum power rating. Doing so ensures that it will not always run at full power and avoids premature heating.
Avoid overheating
Ensure that the LED power supply is installed in a ventilated environment. This is beneficial to the air to help the power supply to dissipate heat and ensure that the power supply works to a suitable ambient temperature.
Minimize the &#;on&#; time of the LED power supply
Install a switch at the mains input end of the LED power supply. When lighting is not required, disconnect the switch to ensure that the LED power supply is truly off.
Troubleshooting common LED power supply issues
Always ensure correct wiring
Before applying power, the wiring needs to be checked in detail. Incorrect wiring may cause permanent damage to the LED power supply and LED strip.
Make sure the voltage is correct
You must ensure the LED power supply&#;s input and output voltages are correct. Otherwise, the incorrect input voltage may damage the LED power supply. And the wrong output voltage will damage the LED strip.
Make sure that the LED power wattage is sufficient
When the LED power supply wattage is insufficient, the LED power supply may be damaged. Some LED power supplies with overload protection will automatically turn off and on. You may see the LED strip constantly turn on and off (flicking).
Conclusion
When choosing an LED power supply for your LED strip, it is essential to consider the current, voltage, and wattage required. You will also need to consider the power supply&#;s size, shape, IP ratings, dimming, and connector type. Once you have considered all these factors, you can select the right LED power supply for your project.
LEDYi manufactures high-quality LED strips and LED neon flex. All of our products go through high-tech laboratories to ensure the utmost quality. Besides, we offer customizable options on our LED strips and neon flex. So, for premium LED strip and LED neon flex, contact LEDYi ASAP!
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